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PORTS AND SHIPPING

According to the Ministry of Shipping, around 95% of India's trading volume and 70% of the value is done through maritime transport. Therefore, the government has also introduced various fiscal and non-fiscal incentives for enterprises developing, maintaining, and operating ports, inland waterways, and shipbuilding in India.

India has 12 major, and 205 notified minor and intermediate ports. Under the National Perspective Plan for Sagarmala, six new mega ports will be developed in the country. Under Sagarmala Program, $123 bn would be invested across 415 projects.

The Indian ports and shipping industry plays a vital role in sustaining growth in the country's trade and commerce. India is the 16th largest maritime country in the world, with a coastline of about 7,517 km. The Indian government has also facilitated a 10-year tax holiday to enterprises developing, maintaining, and operating ports, inland waterways, and inland ports.

As of January 2021, 161 projects totaling $12 billion had been completed, with 178 projects totaling INR 1,96,578 crores still in the works.

100% FDI in Ports and Shipping is allowed under both government and automatic routes.

1320 MT

Cargo traffic at major ports (2020 data, for both major and minor ports)
2.9 %

Cargo traffic growth
1431

Indian fleet strength (no. of vessels - coastal & overseas as on Apr 2020)
2 MTPA

For both major and minor ports

1

Annual cargo traffic doubled to 1 billion tonnes per annum over the decade starting 2005
2

Seaborne trade in India has grown at twice the global growth rate of 3.3%
3

16th largest maritime country in the world

India has 12 major and 200 non-major/intermediate ports (under state government administration)
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust is the largest major port in India, while Mudra is the largest private port
During FY18, cargo traffic at major ports in the country was reported at 679.36 million tonnes (MT). In FY19 (up to February 2019) traffic increased by 2.79% year-on-year to reach 633.87 million tonnes
The major ports had a capacity of 1,452 million tonnes by FY18 end
The Maritime Agenda 2010-20 has a 2020 target of 3,130 MT of port capacity
Increased efficiency has led three times increase in net profits of major ports between FY14-18
Turnaround time at major ports reduced to 64 hours in FY18 from 94 hours in FY14
Project UNNATI has been started by Government of India to identify the opportunity areas for improvement in the operations of major ports. Under the project, 116 initiatives were identified out of which 91 initiatives have been implemented as of November 2018

National waterways
Development of existing & 106 notified waterways
Sagarmala initiative
6 new ports identified under Sagarmala Programme
Cruise shipping
Cruise shipping potential expected to grow
Specialist terminal based ports
Cargo like LNG with specific equipment & high capital costs
Rising trade
Increased trade & private participation in port infra development

November 2019: JSW Infrastructure commissioned a new iron ore terminal at the Paradip port in Odisha with a capacity to handle up to 18 million tonnes of cargo per annum.
May 2019: Logistics service provider Schenker India, subsidiary of German DB Schenker is going to double its warehousing capacity from present 3.5 mn sq ft across 53 warehouses and deploy technical solutions for improving efficiency and enhance processing speed.
May 2019: Bengaluru based logistics start-up Blackbuck raises $150 mn in a funding round led by Goldman Sachs Investment Partners and Accel US.
Jul 2018: Essar Ports to invest $70 mn in Hazira Port capacity.
Apr 2018: The Indian government plans to develop 10 coastal economic regions as part of plans to revive the country’s Sagarmala (string of ports) project.
Mar 2018: Dubai’s port operator DP World along with The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) is buying Continental Warehousing Corp (Nhava Seva), one of the largest companies in the logistics sector in India for $400 mn from its PE investors.

$1.6 bn FDI in Ports Sector during April 2000 – June 2019
7X Growth in FDI during 2014-17 vis-a-vis 2011-14
100% FDI in port sector, India allowed in port and harbour's construction and maintenance